Vegetables, Fruits & Herbs: A-O
| When to plant outdoors | Spacing between plants (inches) | Planting instructions | Watering & Care | Plant friends | Plant foes | Tips |
Amaranth | After danger of frost | 18 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week. | Corn and eggplant. | Crocus plants | Leaves, buds, and seeds are edible! |
Bok Choy | 2-3 weeks before average last frost | 6 to 10 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week & use mulch to keep soil moist. | beets, beans, carrots, celery, cucumber, dill, garlic, onions, potatoes, rosemary | tomatoes and strawberries | Harvest leaves from outside of plant & allow inner leaves to grow |
Broccoli / Cauliflower | 2 weeks before average last frost | 18 | Plant in fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week & use mulch to keep soil moist. | dill, mint, rosemary, and sage | eggplant, peppers, potatoes, or tomatoes | Harvest when head appears full and tight |
Cabbage | 2-3 weeks before average last frost | 24 to 36 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week & use mulch to keep soil moist. | dill, mint, rosemary, sage, nasturtiums, onions, radish | eggplant, peppers, potatoes, or tomatoes | Use companion planting to deter pests |
Celery | 2 weeks before average last frost | 12 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week & use mulch to keep soil moist. | beans, leeks, onions, spinach, tomatoes, brassicas (broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collard greens, kale, turnips) | corn, potato, carrots, parsley, parsnip | Don’t let soil dry out |
Cucumber | After danger of frost | 36 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week. | Corn, lettuce, melons, peas, radish, marigolds, and nasturtium. | Brassicas (broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collard greens, kale, turnips) or potatoes. | Always water the soil, not the leaves or fruit of the plant. Mulch to retain soil moisture. |
Eggplant | After danger of frost | 24 to 36 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once a week. | Amaranth, beans, marigolds, peas, peppers, spinach, and thyme. | Fennel | Harvest when eggplant skin is shiny. |
Grapes | early spring | 24 to 36 | Plant stalk 4-6 inches deep in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. As grapes grow, provide trellis support. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week when first getting established. Reduce watering over time & use mulch to keep soil moist. | beans, clover, peas, herbs | cabbage or radishes | Perennial; In early spring, prune off last year’s new growth down to first bud on main trunk. |
Kale | 2-3 weeks before average last frost | 18 to 24 | Plant in fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week & use mulch to keep soil moist. | dill, mint, rosemary, and sage | eggplant, peppers, potatoes, or tomatoes | Harvest oldest leaves first & allow new leaves to keep growing |
Mustard Greens | 2 weeks before average last frost | 6 to 18 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week & use mulch to keep soil moist. | celery, corn, dill, mint, onions, herbs, yarrow | beans, eggplant, peppers, potatoes, tomatoes, strawberries | Eat raw or cooked like spinach! |
Onion | 2-3 weeks before average last frost | 4 to 5 | Plant in fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week. | Beets, Brassicas (broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collard greens, kale, turnips), carrots, dill, kohlrabi, leeks, lettuce, strawberries, and tomatoes. | asparagus or peas. | Harvest when tops of stems turn yellow and fall over. |
Vegetables, Fruits & Herbs: P-Z
| When to plant outdoors | Spacing between plants (inches) | Planting instructions | Watering & Care | Plant friends | Plant foes | Tips |
Pepper | After danger of frost | 12 to 24 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once a week. | Eggplant, basil, onions, spinach & tomatoes. | beans | Support plants with stakes or cage |
Summer squash | After danger of frost | 24 to 30 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week. | Corn, lettuce, melons, peas, radish, marigolds, and nasturtium. | Brassicas (broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collard greens, kale, turnips) or potatoes. | Always water the soil, not the leaves or fruit of the plant. Mulch to retain soil moisture. |
Tomato | After danger of frost | 24 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil about 1-2 inches deeper than it grew in the container. As the tomato plant grows, use a tomato cage or trellis to support it. | Water soil deeply at the roots (~1ft deep) once a week. Pinch away suckers growing in stem axils. | Tomatoes like to be planted near basil, parsley, garlic, borage, marigolds, nasturtiums, asparagus & chives. | cabbage, cauliflower, kale, brussels sprouts | Always water the soil, not the leaves or fruit of the plant. Avoid overwatering & underwatering. Pinch away suckers growing in stem axils. |
Tomatillos | After danger of frost | 24 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots (~1ft deep) once a week. | basil, carrots, marigolds, nasturtiums, onions, parsley, peas, peppers, onions | corn, dill, eggplant, fennel, kohlrabi, potatoes | Harvest when fruits are firm and papery husk turns light brown |
Winter squash | After danger of frost | 36 | Plant in sunny, fertile, well-draining soil. | Water soil deeply at the roots once or twice a week. | Corn, lettuce, melons, peas, radish, marigolds, and nasturtium. | Brassicas (broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collard greens, kale, turnips) or potatoes. | Always water the soil, not the leaves or fruit of the plant. Mulch to retain soil moisture. |
SOURCED AND ADAPTED FROM:
West Coast Seeds Blog “Companion Planting” https://www.westcoastseeds.com/blogs/garden-wisdom/companion-planting
Montana State University Extension Garden Resources: https://www.msuextension.org/yardandgarden/resources/index.html
Farmers Almanac Companion Planting Guide for Vegetables: https://www.almanac.com/companion-planting-guide-vegetablesa
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This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2020-38640-31523-WS1RE through the Western Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program under project number SW21-929. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and service provider. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
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